Colon cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when caught early. GI Consultants in Reno helps patients make informed decisions about their colorectal cancer screening options. Two of the most common methods are colonoscopy and stool-based tests, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or Cologuard®.
So, how do these tests compare, and which one is right for you?
Why Screening For Colon Cancer Matters
Colorectal cancer typically develops from polyps, which are small growths in the lining of the colon or rectum. These polyps can take years to turn cancerous, giving patients a critical window of time for early detection and removal through screening.
The American College of Gastroenterology recommends that average-risk individuals begin screening at age 45, and earlier for those at higher risk.
What Is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows your doctor to examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible camera. Patients are typically sedated during the procedure for comfort.
One of the biggest advantages of colonoscopy is that it does more than detect colon cancer; it prevents it. During the procedure, your GI specialist can identify and remove polyps or suspicious lesions before they have a chance to become cancerous.
For patients at average risk, a normal colonoscopy typically needs to be repeated only once every 10 years.
What Are Stool Tests?
Stool-based tests are non-invasive screenings that patients can complete at home. These tests look for either hidden (occult) blood, abnormal DNA, or both, markers that can indicate the presence of cancer or large polyps.
The two most common types include:
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): Detects hidden blood in the stool and is recommended annually.
- Fecal DNA Test (e.g., Cologuard®): Combines blood and DNA detection and is typically repeated every 3 years if negative.
These tests offer convenience and comfort, but they cannot detect or remove polyps. If any stool test result is positive, a follow-up colonoscopy is required.
Key Differences Between Colonoscopy & Stool Tests
While both colonoscopy and stool tests play a role in colorectal cancer screening, they differ in accuracy, invasiveness, and what they can accomplish.
Colonoscopy offers the most comprehensive protection. It allows for real-time detection and removal of polyps, full visualization of the colon, and longer intervals between screenings. It does, however, require bowel prep and sedation.
Stool tests are convenient and non-invasive, making them a useful alternative for those who may not be ready or eligible for a colonoscopy. However, they only detect potential warning signs and cannot treat or fully diagnose the condition. Abnormal results always require a colonoscopy to confirm findings and remove polyps if necessary.
Which Screening Test Is Right For You?
The best test is the one that gets done, but choosing the right method depends on your personal health history, comfort level, and risk factors.
You may be better suited for a colonoscopy if:
- You’re age 45 or older
- You have a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- You’ve had symptoms such as blood in the stool, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss
- You want the most accurate and preventative option available
You may consider stool tests if:
- You’re at average risk and not experiencing symptoms
- You prefer a non-invasive test
- You want a screening method that can be done at home
- You understand that a positive result will require a colonoscopy
Talk To a GI Specialist In Reno About Your Screening Options
GI Consultants offers both colonoscopy and expert guidance on alternative stool-based tests. Our board-certified gastroenterologists will help you make the right decision based on your individual needs, risk level, and lifestyle.
Contact us today to get started and learn more about your screening options.
